An improved mean-field homogenization model for the three-dimensional elastic properties of masonry

Accurate assessment of the overall mechanical behavior masonry, composed bricks and mortar joints, remains challenging due to its inhomogeneous orthotropic nature. In this study, feasibility various mean-field homogenization schemes for three-dimensional elastic properties masonry is comprehensively investigated. Three kinds patterns are considered, including stack bonded pattern, running pattern double-leaf Flemish that has received limited attention so far. Special paid which have not been applied case, such as Lielens’ interpolative double inclusions (D-I) interaction direct derivative (IDD) schemes. After a comparison between well-known schemes, an improved micro-mechanical model proposed by combining advantages IDD D-I models. The validation conducted through against experimental data from literature numerical results obtained via finite element analyses (FEA). show can accurately evaluate three typologies wide range stiffness ratios brick mortar, ranging 1 1000. also shows better performance than classical especially when higher 10, major importance application based multiscale methods nonlinear analysis masonry. Furthermore, presented method be interest other anisotropic materials, e.g., laminate materials.